Modeling Graphene in High-Frequency Electromagnetics

Graphene and other 2D materials are the focus of intense research and application interests due to their promising properties. In this blog post, we are going to use the example of a graphene-based THz metamaterial perfect absorber to demonstrate how to model 2D materials accurately and efficiently in high-frequency electromagnetics. The discussed techniques are equally applicable to modeling other…

Analyzing Thermal Distribution in a Li-Ion Battery Pack

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are used to power a variety of devices, from toys and drones to cellphones and laptops to medical equipment and electric cars. To efficiently power such devices, the temperature distribution inside operating Li-ion batteries needs to be controlled, as deviation from optimal operating temperatures can cause a loss, or failure, in their performance. One way to…

Microlithography Lens

Microlithography lenses are used to project the image of an integrated circuit onto a silicon substrate. This tutorial demonstrates how to create a 21-element fused silica lens which has a NA of 0.56 which is designed to be used at a wavelength of 248nm. The lens, which has a total length of 1 meter, has a magnification…